Соціально-правові студії

[1] Adilbekova, A. (2021). The concept of probation and the implementation of probation control over persons with a suspended sentence in the Republic of Kazakhstan. International Penitentiary Journal, 3(1), 26-30.

[2] Anuarbek, Ye., & Zharkenova, T. (2020). An assessment of the rehabilitation of convicts in Kazakhstan. Retrieved from https://nur.nu.edu.kz/server/api/core/bitstreams/f6279832-db9d-452e-8856-f001076de68c/content.

[3] Azhibaev, M. (2020). Reformation issues of the penal system in the Republic of Kazakhstan. International Penitentiary Journal, 2(3), 168-175. doi: 10.33463/2712-7737.2020.02(1-3).3.168-175.

[4] Bäckström, P.J., Danielsson, M., Starfelt Sutton, L.C., & Andersson, D. (2022). Evaluation of the predictive validity of a risk- need-responsivity assessment tool (RNR-A) in the Swedish prison and probation service. Prison Journal, 102(3), 367-390. doi: 10.1177/00328855221095561.

[5] Becker‐Pestka, D. (2022). E-learning for prisoners. experiences from Sweden, Norway, Poland, Finland and Germany. International Journal of Research in E-Learning, 8(1).

[6] Berghuis, M., Nieuwbeerta, P., Palmen, H., Sentse, M., van Hazebroek, B., & van Ginneken, E. (2022). Visitation patterns and post-release offending: Exploring variations in the timing, rate, and consistency of prison visits. Journal of Criminal Justice, 81, article number 101904. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2022.101904.

[7] Bonta, J. (2023). Training community supervision officers in the risk-need-responsivity model of offender rehabilitation: A review and implications. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 62(1), 39-58. doi: 10.1080/10509674.2022.2158986.

[8] Brooker, C., Sirdifield, C., & Marples, R. (2020). Mental health and probation: A systematic review of the literature. Forensic Science International: Mind and Law, 1, article number 100003. doi: 10.1016/j.fsiml.2019.100003.

[9] Chasciar, D.R., Chasciar, V., Coman, C., Toderici, O.F., Toader, L., Kovacs, A., & Bularca, M.C. (2025). Determinants of post- penitentiary social reintegration: Analysis of the needs and perceptions of persons released from detention in Romania. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, article number 1484889. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1484889.

[10] Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (1995, August). Retrieved from https://www.akorda.kz/en/constitution-of-the-republic-of-kazakhstan-50912.

[11] Corley, F. (2022). Kazakhstan: Post-prison “Thereʼs a block everywhere!”. Retrieved from https://www.eurasiareview.com/23052022-kazakhstan-post-prison-theres-a-block-everywhere/.

[12] Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (2014, July). Retrieved from https://track.unodc.org/uploads/documents/BRI-legal-resources/Kazakhstan/16_-_Criminal_Procedure_Code_of_the_Republic_of_Kazakhstan_EN.pdf.

[13] Dhami, M.K., & van den Brink, Y.N. (2022). A multi-disciplinary and comparative approach to evaluating pre-trial detention decisions: Towards evidence-based reform. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 28, 381-395. doi: 10.1007/ s10610-022-09510-0.

[14] Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council No. 2016/343 “On the Strengthening of Certain Aspects of the Presumption of Innocence and of the Right to Be Present at the Trial in Criminal Proceedings”. (2016, March). Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2016/343/oj/eng.

[15] Dominey, J., & Canton, R. (2022). Probation and the ethics of care. Probation Journal, 69(4), 417-433. doi: 10.1177/02645505221105401.

[16] Isibayeva, E.I. (2024). The impact of the probation service on the socialization of persons released from prison. Bulletin of the Institute of Legislation and Legal Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 1(76), 164-173. doi: 10.52026/2788- 5291_2024_76_1_164.

[17] Jasiński, K. (2024). Fear of freedom in the context of social re-adaptation of repeat offenders. In I. Visković, Z. Zacłona & I. Radovanović (Eds.), Pedagogy in education practice (pp. 218-237). Split: University of Split.

[18] Jiang, S., Zhang, D., & Lambert, E.G. (2022). Views of community corrections supervision and their predictors: An officer and offender comparison. Prison Journal, 102(1), 84-107. doi: 10.1177/00328855211069305.

[19] Khablo, O., & Svoboda, I. (2024). International standards for the application of the presumption of innocence in criminal proceedings. 3cientific Journal of the National Academy of Internal Affairs, 29(1), 55-65. doi: 10.56215/naia-herald/1.2024.55.

[20] Koffeld-Hamidane, S., Andvig, E., & Karlsson, B. (2023). Spotlighting the probation meeting – Lived experiences of desistance-supporting interaction following imprisonment. European Journal of Probation, 15(3), 218-237. doi: 10.1177/20662203231199397.

[21] Kuć, M. (2021). The role of post-penitentiary assistance in counteracting the social stigmatisation and marginalisation of former convicts released from penitentiary facilities. Biuletyn 3towarzyszenia Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 16(1), 149-164. doi: 10.32084/sawp.2021.16.1-9.

[22] Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 38-IV LRK “On Probation”. (2016, December). Retrieved from https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/Z1600000038.

[23] Lerman, A.E., Sadin, M., Morrison, W., & Wieselthier, J. (2024). The effects of post-release community supervision reform. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 20, 23-48. doi: 10.1007/s11292-022-09524-y.

[24] Mertl, J. (2022). What seems to be the problem? Ex-prisonersʼ reentry/resettlement in the Czech Republic. Crime & Delinquency, 70(8), 1993-2016. doi: 10.1177/00111287221115645.

[25] Moroz, I., & Horislavska, I. (2024). The legal and penitentiary system as repressive apparatus: Legal methods of protecting a civil and political rights. Law. Human. Environment, 15(2), 85-100. doi: 10.31548/law/2.2024.85.

[26] Mukasheva, D., Kudabekov, M., Yessimova, D., Tulkinbayev, N., & Konvisar, A. (2023). Resocialisation programmes in Kazakhstan. In U. Pape, H. Stöver & I.I. Michels (Eds.), Social work and health in prisons (pp. 189-219). Madrid: Nomos. doi: 10.5771/9783748935988-189.

[27] Mukasheva, D., Tulkinbayev, N., Prilutskaya, M., Yessimova, D., & Stöver, H. (2024). Behind bars: Understanding prisoner perception of penitentiary rehabilitation in Kazakhstan. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 77, article number 100669. doi: 10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100669.

[28] Nesterov, A.Y. (2020). Features and problems of post-prison adaptation of juvenile convicts: Methods and ways to overcome them. Bulletin the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 4(386), 251-264. doi: 10.32014/2020.2518- 1467.126.

[29] Priestley, P., & Vanstone, M. (2022). Looking back – Looking forward. In M. Vanstone & P. Priestley (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of global rehabilitation in criminal justice (pp. 687-699). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-14375- 5_39.

[30] Probation Explained: Everything You Need to Know. (2024). Retrieved from https://www.jedplatform.com/2024/07/24/ define-probation/.

[31] Pylypenko, L., & Zmysna, I. (2023). Essence, classification and functions of social services in Ukraine. Democratic Governance, 16(1), 118-128. doi: 10.23939/dg2023.01.118.

[32] Rakhimberdin, K.K. (2024). The institution of arrest as a punishment in the legislation of the republic of Kazakhstan: Collisions, problems, and application prospects. Bulletin of the Institute of Legislation and Legal Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 4(79), 118-126. doi: 10.52026/2788-5291_2024_79_4_118.

[33] Rakhimova, G., Izbassova, A., Dyussebayev, T., & Baisymakova, D. (2024). Problems of efficiency of the system of execution of punishments in the criminal law of Kazakhstan: between legislation and the experience of repeat offenders. Social and Legal Studios, 7(4), 59-68. doi: 10.32518/sals4.2024.59.

[34] Recommendation of the Committee of Ministers No. CM/Rec(2010)1 “To Member States on the Council of Europe Probation Rules”. (2010, January). Retrieved from https://surl.li/dyapzp.

[35] Ruhland, E., & Scheibler, E. (2021). Probation officer discretion in monitoring and violating supervision conditions. Probation Journal, 69(2), 177-196. doi: 10.1177/02645505211041578.

[36] Sandbukt, I.J. (2021). Reentry in practice: Sexual offending, self-narratives, and the implications of stigma in Norway. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 67(9), 930-951. doi: 10.1177/0306624x211049184.

[37] Schaefer, L., Moir, E., & Williams, G.C. (2022). When a loved one is on community supervision: The crime controller strategies used by “PoPPs” (parents/partners/peers of probationers and parolees). In B. Stickle (Ed.), Field studies in environmental criminology (pp. 81-98). London: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9781003240280.

[38] Spytska, L. (2024). Symptoms and main features of personality formation of a psychopath. Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 26(1), 34-43. doi: 10.12740/APP/172226.

[39] Stanek, K.M., Grzegolec, N., & Mikuli, I. (2021). Social and professional readaptation programs in the world as a good example of

practices in the field of post-penitentiary aid in Poland. Probacja, 2, 53-72. doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.9326.

[40] Suonpää, K., Aaltonen, M., Tyni, S., Ellonen, N., & Kivivuori, J. (2023). Post-release outcomes of lethal and non-lethal offenders: Recidivism and participation in employment or education. Journal of Criminal Justice, 88, article number 102108. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2023.102108.

[41] Sutton, L.C., Persson, B.N., & Danielsson, M. (2023). Predicting intimate partner violence recidivism using the Swedish prison and probation serviceʼs risk-need-responsivity assessment (RNR-A). Nordic Journal of Criminology, 24(1). doi: 10.18261/ njc.24.1.4.

[42] Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention. (n.d.). Statistics from the judicial system. Retrieved from https://bra.se/english/statistics/statistics-from-the-judicial-system#h-Recidivism.

[43] Tleubayev, A, Taubayev, B, Aitimov, B, & Tinistanova, S. (2024). Leading practices of development of probation service. Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. 3eries “Physics”, 55, 2361-2371. doi: 10.54919/physics/55.2024.236ki1.

[44] Todd-Kvam, J. (2020). Probation practice, desistance and the penal field in Norway. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 22(3), 349-

366. doi: 10.1177/1748895820953192.

[45] Toedtman, S.T. (2024). Exploring the exceptional corrections paradigm: An analytical case-study of the Norwegian model of criminal justice. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10037/34106.

[46] United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute. (1997). Promoting probation internationally. Retrieved from https://unicri.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/Probation_international.pdf.

[47] United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2019). The EU, the UN and the Netherlands support social reintegration of prisoners in Kazakhstan: Visit to Karagandy region. Retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/roca/en/news/the-eu--the-un-and-the- netherlands-support-social-reintegration-of-prisoners-in-kazakhstan_-visit-to-karagandy-region.html.

[48] United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2024). Fostering regional collaboration on probation: The study visit of Kyrgyzstanʼs and Tajikistanʼs delegations to Kazakhstan. Retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/roca/en/NEWS/news_2024/july/fostering-regional-collaboration-on-probation_-the-study-visit-of-kyrgyzstans-and-tajikistans-delegations-to-kazakhstan.html.

[49] United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures (The Tokyo Rules). (1990, December). Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/united-nations-standard-minimum-rules-non-custodial- measures.

[50] Verweij, S., Beijersbergen, K.A., Weijters, G., Wermink, H.T., & Blokland, A.A. (2024). Supervision following release from prison and reoffending during and after the supervision period. Crime & Delinquency. doi: 10.1177/00111287241277767.

[51] Weswasi, E.A. (2025). Effect of early prison release with electronic monitoring. Journal of Criminal Justice, 97, article number 102379. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102379.

[52] Weswasi, E.A., Sivertsson, F., Bäckman, O., & Nilsson, A. (2023). Does sentence length affect the risk for criminal recidivism? A quasi-experimental study of three policy reforms in Sweden. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 19, 971-999. doi: 10.1007/ s11292-022-09513-1.

[53] World Population Review. (2025). Crime rate by country 2025. Retrieved from https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/crime-rate-by-country.

[54] Youssef, C. (2023). Prison to desistance: (re)integration and aftercare for those released from prison. Journal of Forensic Practice, 25(4), 356-374. doi: 10.1108/JFP-04-2023-0013.

[55] Yu, R., Långström, N., Forsman, M., Sjölander, A., Fazel, S., & Molero, Ya. (2022). Associations between prisons and recidivism: A nationwide longitudinal study. PloS One, 17(5), article number e0267941. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267941.

[56] Zhunisbayeva, G., Zabikh, Sh., Chokina, M., Ryssaldiyeva, A., Osmanova, G., & Zayed, N.M. (2021). Problems of re-socialization of citizens released from the places of deprivation of liberty. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 24(6).