Анотація
Робота була спрямована на вивчення існуючих правових механізмів, що регулюють діяльність особистих підсобних господарств у Казахстані. Методологія дослідження базувалася на системно-порівняльному підході із застосуванням структурного аналізу аграрного сектору та правової діагностики статусу особистих підсобних господарств, включаючи податкові та земельні аспекти. Основні результати дослідження показали, що в Казахстані відсутній самостійний законодавчий акт, який регулює діяльність особистих підсобних господарств, що призводить до їх маргіналізації та напівправового становища. У Республіці Казахстан із загального числа 2,236,501 субʼєкта малого та середнього підприємництва 279,967 припадає на фермерські господарства, тоді як особисті підсобні господарства становлять набагато більше – 1,636,200. Незважаючи на те, що на частку особистих підсобних господарств припадає близько 41,5 % сільгосппродукції і в них підприємництва, які не обкладаються податками та не отримують належної державної підтримки. Статус особистих підсобних господарств регулюється фрагментарно – переважно земельним законодавством (зокрема, статтею 100 Земельного кодексу), тоді як податкова, економічна та соціальна складові залишаються поза правовим полем. Проведене порівняння з міжнародним досвідом виявило, що у США, Китаї та Туреччині сімейні ферми та особисті підсобні господарства офіційно визнані формами агробізнесу та отримують комплексну підтримку: фінансову, освітню, інфраструктурну та інституційну. У цих країнах розроблено спеціалізовані законодавчі акти, діють програми субсидій, кредитування, агрострахування та податкові пільги. Навпаки, в Казахстані основна увага приділяється великим агрохолдингам, тоді як малі форми господарювання відчувають дефіцит ресурсів та правового захисту
Ключові слова: аграрний сектор; продовольча безпека; державна підтримка; кооперація; землекористування
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