Соціально-правові студії

[1] Abbink, J. (2020). Religion and violence in the horn of Africa: Trajectories of mimetic rivalry and escalation between ‘Political Islam’ and the state. Politics Religion & Ideology, 21(2), 194-215. doi: 10.1080/21567689.2020.1754206.

[2] Amit, S., & Kafy, A.-A. (2022). A systematic literature review on preventing violent extremism. Journal of Adolescence, 94(8), 1068-1080. doi: 10.1002/jad.12095.

[3] Begalinova, K., Ashilov, M., & Begalinov, A. (2020). Religious extremism in Kazakhstan: Threats of spreading and means of opposition. Central Asia and the Caucasus, 21(4), 124-131. doi: 10.37178/ca-c.20.4.12.

[4] Ben Yair, Y., & Ronel, N. (2024). The social response: Punishment and rehabilitation. In Spiritual Jewish criminology: Theoretical perspective and applications for offenders rehabilitation (pp. 67-105). Cham: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-63172-6_6.

[5] Bishmanov, K., & Orynbekov, N. (2022). Opportunities and trends in the emergence of religious extremism and terrorism in Kazakhstan society. Eurasian Journal of Religious Studies, 30(2), 56-67. doi: 10.26577/ejrs.2022.v30.i2.r6.

[6] Bishmanov, K., & Orynbekov, N. (2023). Enhancing religious literacy to counter extremism and terrorism in Kazakhstan’s religious context. Eurasian Journal of Religious Studies, 34(2), 23-33. doi: 10.26577//EJRS.2023.v34.i2.r3.

[7] Buribayev, Y., Turlykhankyzy, K., Kalkayeva, N., Shakenov, D., & Khamzina, Z. (2024). Strategic development and comprehensive guidelines for state policy in Kazakhstan’s religious sphere. International Journal of Religion, 5(3), 40-51. doi: 10.61707/77nmvb36.

[8] Chigozie, A.J. (2025). Inter-faith dialogue and conflict resolution in Nigeria: A study of christian-muslim relations in plateau state. IGWEBUIKE: An African Journal of Arts and Humanities, 11(1), 86-99.

[9] Collins, N., Doumani Dupuy, P.N., & Zamanbekova, A. (2024). Democratically digging together: A study of archaeology and civil society. Journal of Eurasian Studies. doi: 10.1177/18793665241270821.

[10] Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (1995, August). Retrieved from https://www.akorda.kz/en/constitution-of-the-republic-of-kazakhstan-50912.

[11] Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (2014, July). Retrieved from https://adilet.zan.kz/eng/docs/K970000167_.

[12] Dachak, H. (2021). The principle of proportionality of crime and punishment in international documents. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 8(4), 684-694. doi: 10.18415/ijmmu.v8i4.2661.

[13] Daugherty, C.E. (2019). Deradicalization and disengagement: Exit programs in Norway and Sweden and addressing neo-Nazi extremism. Journal for Deradicalization, 21, 219-260.

[14] Decision of the District Court No. 2 of the Saryarka District of Astana. (2017, October). Retrieved from https://advokat.kz/72-samyy-pervyy-prigovor-v-kazahstane-po-174-state-uk-rk-saken-baykenov.html.

[15] Ellington, T. (2024). Perceptions on the effects of religious programs on criminal behavior among juveniles. Minneapolis: Walden University.

[16] European Council Framework Decision No. 2008/913/JHA “On Combating Certain Forms and Expressions of Racism and Xenophobia by Means of Criminal Law”. (2008, November). Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_framw/2008/913/ oj/eng.

[17] Farrell, W.B., Burnashev, R., Azizi, R., & Babadjanov, B. (2021). Processes of reintegrating Central Asian returnees from Syria and Iraq. Washington: United States Institute of Peace.

[18] Fox, J. (2021). What is religious freedom and who has it? Social Compass, 68(3), 321-341. doi: 10.1177/00377686211012368.

[19] Holbrook, D., & Horgan, J. (2019). Terrorism and ideology: Cracking the nut. Perspectives on Terrorism, 13(6), 2-15.

[20] Hunko, L. (2023). Strategy for combating illegal armed formations: Content, components, evolution. Democratic Governance, 16(2), 66-78. doi: 10.23939/dg2023.02.

[21] International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. (1966, December). Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/ccpr.pdf.

[22] Ishfaq, N.M., Yasin, N.S., Riaz, N.M., & Riaz, N.K. (2024). Navigating legal pluralism: A comparative analysis of Islamic law and secular legal systems in Pakistan. International Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law, 1(2), 1-17. doi: 10.62951/ijsw.v1i2.16.

[23] Ismailov, V. (2025). Global ranking: Kazakhstan has the third-highest unemployment rate in Eurasia. Retrieved from https://timesca.com/ilostat-survey-kazakhstan-has-the-third-highest-unemployment-rate-in-eurasia/.

[24] Johnson, E. (2019). Apostasy, human rights and hate crime in England and Wales: A mixed methods study. SSRN. doi: 10.2139/ ssrn.3475161.

[25] Kalmyrzaev, B.A., Bitemirov, K.T., Shalkharov, Y.S., Imanbekova, M.M., Paridinova, A.E., Moldaliev, M.M., & Salayev, N.S. (2021). Problems and prospect of countering religious extremism in the Kazakhstan Republic including problems of bioterrorism in religional extremism. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 24(4).

[26] Kazakhstan took 67th place out of 163 in the rating of the most peaceful countries. (2021). Retrieved from https://finprom.kz/ru/article/v-rejtinge-samyh-mirolyubivyh-stran-kazahstan-zanyal-67-e-mesto-iz-163.

[27] King, R.D. (2019). Hate crimes: Perspectives on offending and the law. In M.D. Krohn, N. Hendrix, G.P. Hall & A.J. Lizotte (Eds.), Handbook on crime and deviance (pp. 437-458). Cham: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-20779-3_22.

[28] Kusack, W. (2023). In search of a welcoming environment for religions in the “New Kazakhstan”. Review of Faith & International Affairs, 22(1), 87-96. doi: 10.1080/15570274.2023.2261709.

[29] Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 31 “On Countering to Extremism”. (2005, February). Retrieved from https://adilet.zan.kz/eng/docs/Z050000031_.

[30] Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 416 “On Counteracting Terrorism”. (1999, July). Retrieved from https://adilet.zan.kz/eng/docs/Z990000416_.

[31] Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 483-IV “On Religious Activities and Religious Associations”. (2011, October). Retrieved from https://adilet.zan.kz/eng/docs/Z1100000483.

[32] Litvak, S., Kivivuori, J., & Kaakinen, M. (2024). Preventing religion-based hate crime victimization among youth: A systematic review of personal, collective, and policy responses. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 25(5), 3696-3712. doi: 10.1177/15248380241257198.

[33] Lösel, F., Bender, D., Jugl, I., & King, S. (2020). Resilience against political and religious extremism, radicalization, and related violence: A systematic review of studies on protective factors. In D. Weisburd, E.U. Savona, B. Hasisi & F. Calderoni (Eds.), Understanding recruitment to organized crime and terrorism (pp. 55-84). Cham: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-36639-1_3.

[34] Lytvyn, V., & Ahmadov, V. (2024). Problematic aspects of at the scene police work with victims of terrorist acts on the territory of Ukraine. Law Journal of the National Academy of Internal Affairs, 14(2), 52-60. doi: 10.56215/naia-chasopis/2.2024.52.

[35] Makhambetsaliyev, D.B., Sagynbekova, G.M., Abdykadyr, U.B., Alimova, E.A., & Smanova, A.B. (2024). Constitutional law-making in the U.S. Supreme Court. Public Integrity, 26(4), 473-484. doi: 10.1080/10999922.2023.2282261.

[36] Mazya, T.M., Ridho, K., & Irfani, A. (2024). Religious and cultural diversity in Indonesia: Dynamics of acceptance and conflict in a multidimensional perspective. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 7(7), 4932-4945. doi: 10.47191/ijcsrr/v7-i7-32.

[37] McDermott, R.N., & Baizakova, Z. (2015). Reassessing the barriers to Islamic radicalization in Kazakhstan. Carlisle Barracks: Strategic Studies Institute.

[38] Observatory on Intolerance and Discrimination against Christians. (2024). OIDAC Europe report 2024. Retrieved from https:// www.intoleranceagainstchristians.eu/publications/oidac-report-2024.

[39] Omenma, J.T., Hendricks, C., & Ajaebili, N.C. (2020). al-Shabaab and Boko Haram: Recruitment strategies. Peace and Conflict Studies, 27(1), article number 2. doi: 10.46743/1082-7307/2020.1460.

[40] Penal Code of Pakistan. (1860, October). Retrieved from https://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/legislation/1860/actXLVof1860. html.

[41] Rowe, T.J. (2021). Training the ‘Great Steppe Army’: Preparing Kazakhstan’s ground forces to meet contemporary threats. Journal of Slavic Military Studies, 34(3), 331-356. doi: 10.1080/13518046.2021.1992705.

[42] Sas, M., Ponnet, K., Reniers, G., & Hardyns, W. (2020). The role of education in the prevention of radicalization and violent extremism in developing countries. Sustainability, 12(6), article number 2320. doi: 10.3390/su12062320.

[43] Seitakhmetova, N., Aliyarov, E., Zhandossova, S., Tolen, Z., & Nurov, M. (2024). Counteracting religious extremism in youth environments: World experience and Kazakhstan. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 15(3), 257-288.

[44] Sharipova, D., & Beissembayev, S. (2021). Causes of violent extremism in Central Asia: The case of Kazakhstan. Studies in

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[45] Suyatno, S., Hayati, F.N., & Susatya, E. (2020). Strengthening of religious character education based on school culture in the Indonesian secondary school. European Educational Researcher, 3(3), 87-100. doi: 10.31757/euer.331.

[46] Tiilikainen, M., & Mankkinen, T. (2020). Prevention of violent radicalization and extremism in Finland: The role of religious literacy. In T. Sakaranaho, T. Aarrevaara & J. Konttori (Eds.), The challenges of religious literacy: The case of Finland (pp. 67-78). Cham: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-47576-5_6.

[47] Tungatova, U., & Kurmanaliyeva, A. (2023). Prevention of religious extremism in Kazakhstan. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 13(2), 82-89. doi: 10.36941/jesr-2023-0033.

[48] Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (1948, December). Retrieved from https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/03/udhr.pdf.

[49] Vatral, А. (2023). Legal regulation of combating organised crime in Ukraine: Сurrent state and areas of improvement. 3cientific Journal of the National Academy of Internal Affairs, 28(3), 17-27. doi: 10.56215/naia-herald/3.2023.17.

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[51] Vieth-Ditlmann, K. (2025). Policing ‘online radicalization’: The framing of Europol’s Internet referral unit. In B. Wagner, M.C. Kettemann, K. Vieth-Ditlmann & S. Montgomery (Eds.), Research handbook on human rights and digital technology (pp. 262-287). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. doi: 10.4337/9781035308514.00022.

[52] Yilmaz, I. (2019). Nation building, Islamic law and unofficial legal pluralism: The cases of Turkey and Pakistan. In N. Oberauer, Y. Prief & U. Qubaja (Eds.), Legal pluralism in Muslim contexts (pp. 109-138). Leeds: Brill. doi: 10.1163/9789004398269_007.

[53] Zaiets, K., Muravska, Y., Slipchenko, T., Kaniuka, V., & Melnyk, I. (2024). The etymology of the concept “military conflict” as a determinant of political orientation. Law, Policy and Security, 2(2), 39-51. doi: 10.62566/lps/2.2024.39.