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Соціально-правові студії

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Соціально-правові студії

Том 9, № 1, 2026

Соціально-правові студії

ISSN 2617-4162 

e-ISSN 2617-4170

Видавець: Львівський державний університет внутрішніх справ

Отримано 14.05.2025, Доопрацьовано 10.09.2025, Прийнято 06.10.2025
Сторінки 8-22
https://doi.org/10.32518/sals3.2025.08
Том 8, № 3, 2025
Стаття

Правові та соціально-психологічні засоби для зміни ситуації зі злочинністю дітей та забезпечення їх прав у перебігу кримінального провадження


Анотація

Дослідження присвячене актуальній дилемі, адже показники злочинності дітей не зменшуються, а традиційні реактивні методи вечерпують свою дієвість. З однієї сторони необхідні проактивні заходи на випередження криміналізації дітей, а з іншої – відсутній комплексний механізм із дотримання прав дітей, які вже перебувають у конфлікті із законом, бо наявний дає свої тріщини. Метою дослідження був критичний аналіз оцінних понять щодо ризиків порушення прав дітей, якими перенасичений Розділ 38 Кримінального процесуального кодексу України. Для цього, в межах компаративістського підходу було використано метод case study, догматичний, юридичної герменевтики та термінологічний методи. Встановлено, що вживання в українському законодавстві терміну «неповнолітній» не відповідає конвенційним положенням. Підтверджено, що шлях повернення дитини, яка перебуває у конфлікті із законом, до нормального співіснування в рамках соціуму, не пролягає через застосування ізоляційних заходів. Доведено, що жодна інституція не здатна самотужки впровадити проактивні моделі задля упередження криміналізації дітей. Лише спільна проєктна діяльність (програми заміщення агресії, формування спільних обʼєднавчих цілей, соціального розвитку, профілактики правопорушень) та мультидисциплінарна командна робота (на кшталт моделі «Барнахус»), які виходитимуть із експериментальних даних досліджень внутрішньо-групових та міжгрупових відносин, матимуть успіх. Аргументовано, що у теоретикоправовій конструкції, як от механізм захисту прав дитини, оцінні поняття, які використовуються у кримінальному процесуальному законодавстві, у рівній мірі несуть, як ризики, так і поступ. При цьому є шкідливим позбавити закон  оцінних понять. Обґрунтовано, що радше варто удосконалювати фаховість ювенальних слідчих, дізнавачів, прокурорів, суддів, для яких не складатиме проблеми відхід від шаблонного підходу у правозастосуванні та перехід на щабель власної обʼєктивної оцінки фактів і обставин, послуговуючись унормованими оцінними поняттями. Практична цінність роботи полягає у можливості для правозастосовувачів поглянути на проблему оцінних понять не з негативної сторони, а у складі механізму забезпечення прав дітей у перебігу кримінального провадження 


Ключові слова: механізм захисту прав дітей; досудове розслідування та судовий розгляд; повторна криміналізація; стигматизація; дискримінація; правова визначеність; оцінні поняття


Цитувати

Basysta, I., Balynska, O., Barannik, R., Kuchynska, O., & Shchur, B. (2025). Legal and socio-psychological means to address child delinquency and ensure their rights in criminal proceedings. Social and Legal Studios, 8(3), 8-22. https://doi.org/10.32518/sals3.2025.08
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