Анотація
Регулювання релігійної діяльності в сучасному Казахстані є критично важливим питанням, яке формується під впливом взаємодії між забезпеченням свободи релігії та збереженням державного контролю. Це дослідження мало на меті проаналізувати нормативно-правову базу, що регулює релігійну діяльність у Казахстані, з особливим акцентом на її відповідність міжнародним стандартам у сфері прав людини та внутрішній соціально-політичній динаміці. Використовуючи правовий аналіз, порівняльні методи та аналіз конкретних ситуацій, вивчено законодавство країни та його практичні наслідки для релігійних громад. Дослідження показало, що правова база Казахстану накладає значні обмеження на релігійні свободи, включаючи обов’язкову реєстрацію релігійних об’єднань, обмеження на публічні богослужіння і широкий державний нагляд. Ці заходи часто непропорційно впливають на релігійні меншини, викликаючи занепокоєння щодо дискримінації та перешкод для релігійного плюралізму. Незважаючи на конституційні гарантії релігійної свободи в Казахстані, виконання законів часто суперечить міжнародним зобов’язанням країни за такими договорами, як Міжнародний пакт про громадянські і політичні права та зобов’язання в рамках Організації з безпеки і співробітництва в Європі. Тематичні дослідження релігійних громад, включаючи Свідків Єгови, мусульманську громаду Ахмадія та Баптистську церкву, ще більше проілюстрували практичні проблеми, пов’язані з існуючими нормативно- правовими актами. Ці випадки висвітлили такі проблеми, як адміністративне свавілля, дискримінаційні процеси реєстрації та маргіналізація нетрадиційних релігійних груп. Висновки підкреслили необхідність законодавчих реформ, спрямованих на усунення двозначностей, гармонізацію національного законодавства з міжнародними стандартами та створення більш інклюзивного середовища для релігійних громад. Це дослідження є внеском у ширший дискурс про релігійне регулювання, пропонуючи практичні висновки для політиків, юристів та правозахисників. Розглядаючи напруженість між державним управлінням і релігійною свободою, дослідження закладає основу для майбутніх реформ, спрямованих на досягнення балансу між суспільною стабільністю та захистом фундаментальних прав людини
Ключові слова: релігійна політика; правове регулювання; свобода віросповідання; правозастосовна практика; релігійні об’єднання; законодавчі реформи
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