Social and Legal Studios
ISSN 2617-4162
e-ISSN 2617-4170
Publisher: Lviv State University of Internal Affairs
Abstract
The relevance of the study is conditioned upon the necessity of wider implementation of sentences alternative to imprisonment. It is largely connected to the international commitments that Ukraine has made in the process of European integration. The purpose of the study is to determine the economic and psychological conditions for the functioning of the legal institution of probation. The research uses dialectical, comparative legal, systemic, Aristotelian, structural and functional methods. The research defines the concept of probation as a system of supervisory and social and educational measures for convicts who have been sentenced to a non-custodial criminal sentence. The author presents the stages of implementation of the probation institute in Ukraine and explains the essence of probation, its types and functions. The author identifies the socio-psychological advantages of such an institution and substantiates the economic feasibility of probation supervision as compared to other punishments. It is established that the introduction of this institution provides several benefits for the State, society and the offender. The author outlines the benefits for the state in terms of reducing the number of prisoners; reducing the crime rate; compliance with international standards; and economic benefits. The benefits to society are identified, which include the fair administration of justice and the protection of the community from recidivism. In addition, attention is devoted to the benefits for the offender, namely, the opportunity to change without being imprisoned, preservation of human relations, housing and work. It is substantiated that in the current circumstances, the introduction of probation supervision is a necessity conditioned upon economic expediency and the possibility of administering justice more humanely. The results of the research can be used for implementation in the area of regulation, and for writing monographs, scientific researches, dissertations, drafting abstracts, and preparing reports at scientific conferences.
Keywords: correction, punishment, alternative punishment, humane justice, proceedings
Suggested citation
[1] Albrecht, H.-J., & van Kalmthout, A. (Eds.). (2002). Community sanctions and measures in Europe and North America. Freiburg im Breisgau: Edition Iuscrim.
[2] Aleksieiev, I. (2015). Probation is a step towards the implementation of international standards in the field of justice. Legal Newspaper, 9. Retrieved from https://yur-gazeta.com/dumka-eksperta/probaciya--krok-do-implementaciyi-mizhnarodnih-standartiv-u-sferi-yusticiyi.html.
[3] Basenko, R, Avanesian, H., & Kovalenko, V. (2021). Institutionalization of probation in the context of the humanistic and European integration potential of the Ukrainian legal system. Entrepreneurship, Economy and Law, 5, 203-208. doi: 10.32849/2663-5313/2021.5.33.
[4] Bohatyrov, I.H. (2005). Theory and practice of execution of punishments not related to deprivation of liberty by the criminal enforcement inspectorate. Kyiv: Atika.
[5] Demura, M.I. (2019). Some questions of the application of pre-trial probation in the criminal process of Ukraine. Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, 58 (Vol. 2), 133-136. doi: 10.32782/2307-3322.58-2.29.
[6] Denisov, S.F. (2010). Problems of youth crime prevention in the states of the European Union. State and Regions. Series: Law, 3, 54-58
[7] Driomin, V.M. (2007). Evolution of penalties in the context of preventive possibilities: From deprivation to probation. Current Problems of the State and Law, 32, 259-265.
[8] Furman, I.M. (2016). Prison reform: “Zone” of comfort. Retrieved from https://protocol.ua/ua/tyuremnaya_reforma_zona_komforta/.
[9] Latvijas Valsts probācijas dienesta oficiālā mājas lapa. (2020). Retrieved from https://www.vpd.gov.lv/lv/valstsprobacijas-dienests.
[10] Law of Ukraine No. 160-VIII “On Probation”. (2015, February). Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/160-19#top.
[11] Merkulova, V.O., & Gritenko, O.A. (2019). Interdisciplinary categories “reconciliation”, “mediation”, “probation”, “restitution”: Theoretical and legislative problems of difference. In Challenges and prospects for the development of legal systems in Ukraine and EU countries: Сomparative analysis (pp. 219-236). Riga: Izdevniecība “Baltija Publishing”. doi: 10.30525/978-9934-571-83-1-13.
[12] O’Brien, P. (1998). The prison on the continent: Europe, 1865–1965. In N. Morris, & D.J. Rothman, The Oxford history of the prison: The practice of punishment in Western society (pp. 178-201). New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[13] Order of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine No. 98/5 “On the Approval of the Regulation on the Organization of Activities of Probation Volunteers”. (2017, January). Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0065-17#Text.
[14] Perepichka, N. (2019). Compliance of the probation institute in Ukraine with international law. Scientific Journal of the National Academy of Internal Affairs, 24(4), 134-144. doi: 10.33270/01191134.134.
[15] Pietryka, A., & Ploszka, A. (2015). Alternatives to prison in Europe. Poland. Rome: Antigone Edizioni.
[16] Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 24 “On Approval of the Procedure for the Development and Implementation of Probation Programs”. (2017, January). Retrieved from http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/24-2017-п#Text.
[17] Simakova, S.I., & Melnyk, O.H. (2019). Probation as a mechanism of the international experience of the right-approach. Juridical Scientific and Electronic Journal, 3, 235-237.
[18] Siomin, S.V. (2014). European rules of probation and reform of the criminal enforcement system in Ukraine. Strategic Priorities, 2, 154-159.
[19] Telefanko, B. (2018). Probation as a measure of criminal law influence on recidivism. Entrepreneurship, Economy and Law, 12, 295-298.
[20] Wodahl, E.J., Boman, J.H., & Garland, B.E. (2015). Responding to probation and parole violations: Are jail sanctions more effective than community-based graduated sanctions? Journal of Criminal Justice, 43(3), 242-250. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2015.04.010.
[21] Yagunov, D.V. (2007). Probation service: Concept, principles of activity, organizational structure. Restorative Justice in Ukraine, 1, 60-64.
[22] Yagunov, D.V. (2011). Probation philosophy: Transformation of views on the essence and goals of treatment of criminals (the period after the 1990s). Actual Problems of Politics, 41, 198-207.
[23] Yanchuk, O., & Novokhatnia, K. (Eds.). (2019). Results of a public opinion survey on the level of trust in authorized bodies on probation issues: Comparative analysis. Kyiv.