Social and Legal Studios

Abstract

Pollution of the environment with mineral fertilizer residues increases every year and causes deterioration of soil, water and air environment. This is due to the fact that nitrogen fertilizers are well soluble and quickly penetrate the vertical soil profile into the deep layers that are not available for the root system of plants. We have analyzed the problem of environmental pollution with components of mineral nitrogen fertilizers and proposed the use of encapsulated fertilizers prolonged action, which will allow adjusting the speed and amount of fertilizers that will flow into the soil from the capsule depending on the soil and climatic conditions. And this, in turn, will enable reducing the amount of fertilizer that will be introduced into the soil, and reduce environmental pollution. Experimental researches of release of components of mineral fertilizers from capsules depending on the hydrogen index of environment are conducted. It was found that the coating of nitrogen fertilizers sensitive to changes in the pH of the medium with substances makes it possible to regulate, within wide limits, the release of substances from capsules and to create fertilizers, depending on the type of soil, where they will be applied. Due to the fact that the amount of precipitation in different areas is different, there is a problem of creating encapsulated fertilizers with different thicknesses of coverage. If there is a lot of precipitation, then the thickness of the coating should be greater, and in areas where there is insufficient number of precipitation, it has very little. Therefore, to control the rate of release of components from capsules, experimental studies have been carried out on the effect of introducing a readily soluble crystalline substance into the polymer coating on the rate of release of components from capsules. It has been established that this type of coating allows using encapsulated fertilizers in wide ranges, regulating the rate of release of the content of the introduced freezing crystalline material. It is possible to use either the same fertilizers or other easily soluble nutrients that need it. The calculation of mass transfer coefficients through the polymer shell and coefficients of diffusion of the component in the polymer were carried out

Keywords: contamination, encapsulation, release, mineral fertilizers

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