Administrative and legal factors influencing the formation of sustainable development of the region in a changing external environment

. In the modern context of global changes, the study of the influence of administrative and legal factors on the sustainable development of regions is of particular relevance, which is also due to the hyperdynamics of the external environment. The main purpose of the article is to identify and streamline the main administrative and legal factors influencing the formation of sustainable development of the region in a changing external environment. Key research methods are the method of hierarchical analysis, paired comparison, expert analysis and the Delphi method. A scientific question has been formulated based on the results of a literature review, which is how to more effectively implement administrative and legal support for the formation of sustainable development of the region. Valid methods are disclosed due to their step-by-step application. An analysis of the dynamics of key indicators of sustainable development of one of the regions was carried out. A modern model for the formation of sustainable development of the region is proposed, considering the conditions of the changing external environment and focusing on administrative and legal principles, which is characterized by blocks and a schematic explanation. A methodological approach to modelling the definition and ordering of the main administrative and legal factors influencing the formation of sustainable development of the


Introduction
In todayʼs development environment, with political uncertainty and technological innovations, the role of administrative and legal instruments in shaping an effective sustainable development policy is gaining new importance and relevance.Ensuring the harmonious development of regions requires a balanced approach that considers economic, social, environmental and cultural aspects.Administrative and legal mechanisms play a key role in this process, defining the framework within which resources are managed, citizensʼ rights and freedoms are exercised, and innovative solutions are implemented.
In the context of rapid changes and challenges faced by modern society, the issue of adapting the administrative and legal system to new conditions becomes particularly important.This includes not only responding to environmental threats and ensuring economic sustainability, but also creating conditions for social justice, gender equality and human rights protection.Ensuring sustainable regional development in this context requires a comprehensive approach and effective interaction between different levels of government, from local to international.Therefore, a thorough analysis of the administrative and legal factors that influence the formation of sustainable regional development is not only theoretically important, but also practically significant, especially for those territories with an extremely dynamic and changing external environment.This kind of research makes it possible to identify areas for the development of more effective management strategies and policies that can adapt to a changing environment and strike a balance between the needs of the present and the requirements of the future.
Thus, the aim of the study is to identify and organize the main administrative and legal factors that influence the formation of sustainable development of a region in a changing environment.The object of the study is to ensure sustainable development of the region taken for the research.For this purpose, the Lviv region and its changing external environment were chosen.
The issue of ensuring and shaping sustainable development in the region has always been the focus of attention of a significant number of scholars and practitioners.There have been various approaches to addressing this issue, including those of an administrative and legal nature.O. Sylkin et al. (2019) delve into modelling the process of applying crisis management to ensure the financial security of enterprises.Their ideas are crucial for understanding how robust governance models can address financial problems, which is an important aspect of sustainable regional development.This topic of effective governance in the context of increasing globalization is further explored by S. Kryshtanovych et al. (2022), who emphasize the importance of a SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time-bound) region in a changing external environment has been developed.Based on the results of the modelling, it was determined that the most significant factors of influence within the framework of administrative and legal support for the formation of sustainable development of the Lviv region in a changing external environment are martial law, administrative court proceeding and local self-government and decentralization.The effectiveness of the proposed method has been proven through the ability to satisfy all information needs of subjects of sustainable development in the region.The practical significance of the research results is revealed in the possibility of using the proposed model and methodological approach in the work of public services and the public administration system of the region The main gaps in the scientific literature on the chosen research topic are as follows:  Lack of object specification.Most studies do not consider a specific region as an object, but consider the issue in a general way.
 Lack of a modern model of sustainable development.Existing models may be outdated in a changing environment.
 Lack of a methodological approach to organizing the factors of influence.The current literature does not offer new approaches to identifying and organizing administrative and legal factors of influence.
Therefore, based on the results of the literature review, the following scientific question can be formulated: how to implement administrative and legal support more effectively for the formation of sustainable development of the region?To accomplish this, it is necessary to set the following scientific task: to present and substantiate a modern methodological approach to identifying and organizing the main administrative and legal factors of influence.

Materials and methods
The paper uses several methods that form a sustainable research methodology and contribute to obtaining a high result.It should be noted that the general theoretical methods of analysis and synthesis, abstract logical and graphical methods were used.These methods performed an auxiliary function in the presented research results.At the same time, more specific methods, such as hierarchical analysis and pairwise comparison, were used to focus on the main aspects, which together made it possible to organize the identified administrative and legal factors of influence.
The hierarchical analysis method consisted of structuring the decision-making into a hierarchy.At the top level was the decision objective, followed by the various criteria and sub-criteria, and finally, at the bottom level, the alternatives.This method helped to break down complex decisions into manageable parts.The pairwise comparison method involved comparing a set of options in pairs to judge which of each pair was better.The comparison of each pair was evaluated independently.It was used to prioritize options or choose between alternatives.However, for their effective application, certain variables are presented (in this study, these variables were administrative and legal factors).They were determined through the method of expert analysis.This method is based on the judgement and experience of people who have knowledge in a particular field.Experts evaluate a situation or problem and express opinions based on their experience and knowledge.To determine the most influential factors, 20 experts in the field of regional sustainable development, economic security, regional resilience and 20 employees in the field of administrative and legal support were involved.The survey was conducted online on the basis of anonymity, which prevents the names of organizations from being revealed.The tool used was a Google survey.To confirm their competence, the selected experts all have the appropriate education and scientific and practical publications on the given topic.The Delphi method was additionally used to structure the ex-pertsʼ opinions in a more weighty and professional manner.It relies on a group of experts answering questionnaires in two or more rounds.After each round, the moderator anonymously summarized the expertsʼ predictions and reasons.Experts were then asked to reconsider their previous answers in light of the responses of other members of their group.This helped to reach a consensus among the group of experts.The anonymity of the responses allowed experts to freely express their opinions, reducing the bias caused by dominant individuals in face-to-face meetings.In general, the stages of applying the selected methods in this study are presented in Figure 1.

Application of the expert analysis method to identify key administrative and legal factors of influence
The graph theory was used to build a corresponding graph of links between the identified administrative and legal factors of influence.By applying the graphical and modelling methods, the authorʼs vision of the modern model of sustainable development of the selected region can be presented.The peculiarity of the authorʼs approach is revealed in the multi-level approach to the issue of sustainable development.The selected methods provide structured approaches to making complex decisions and solving problems related to the issue of sustainable development in the regions, using expert knowledge and promoting consensus among different groups.Each method has its own unique advantages, making them suitable for different research scenarios and practical applications.

Results
Sustainable development of a region is a complex process that encompasses the integration of economic, social and environmental aspects to achieve long-term, balanced progress in a particular geographical area.Administrative and legal support plays a key role in this process.It includes the creation of a legal and regulatory framework that governs the activities of all development agents (public, private, and civil society), ensuring their responsibility, transparency, and compliance with sustainability standards.The Lviv region is an extremely complex region with several dynamic processes that have both a positive and negative impact on sustainable development.In general, the region is not in the best condition today due to the martial law.The increase Social & Legal Studios, Vol.6,No. 4 in population was accompanied by an increase in administrative violations (Fig. 2), but despite this, its geographical location is also an advantage, as it is located in the rear and close to the borders with EU countries.Three different, but at the same time interdependent blocks/levels of how to achieve sustainable development in the conditions of a changing external environment are proposed (Fig. 3).It is the level of administrative and legal support that plays the most significant role in shaping the sustainable development of the region.However, the key issue is the following: among numerous administrative and legal factors, there are those that should be implemented first.Sustainability is a very complex phenomenon, especially in a changing environment with limited resources.It is impossible to implement everything at once within the framework of administrative and legal support.The Delphi method was used to summarize and structure the expertsʼ views and opinions in such a way that the following list of the most influential administrative and legal factors was obtained: G1.Administrative proceedings.An effective administrative justice system that ensures justice and equality before the law is important for conflict resolution and legal certainty.
G2. Local self-government and decentralization.Decentralization policies and the strengthening of the role of local self-government contribute to more effective and responsible governance at the local level.
G3. Social legislation.Laws that define social policy, including healthcare, education, and social security, are important for ensuring social stability and equity.
G4. Public governance and transparency.Norms and procedures that ensure transparency and openness of public administration promote accountability and public trust, which is the basis for effective regional governance.
G5. Regulation of land use.Legislation on land use and land management that ensures the balanced and efficient use of land resources.
G6. Martial law and emergencies.Legal mechanisms for regulating martial law and emergency planning and response are important for ensuring stability and security in the region.
G7. Legislative regulation of economic activity.Laws and regulations that set the rules for business, industry, and trade are important for stimulating economic growth and investment in the region.
G8. Environmental protection and natural resource management.Legal frameworks that regulate the use of natural resources, pollution control and biodiversity conservation are critical to environmental sustainability.
The list of the set G = {G1, G2 ...... Gn} will constitute a certain connection that can be represented by graph theory (Fig. 4).
Next, the matrix of factor dependence and attainability is filled.Since there are eight factors, the matrix will be 8×8.Note that 1 is set if there is an influence and 0 otherwise.In the case of the attainability matrix, 1 is set diagonally (Table 1).

Table 1. Matrix of dependence and reach of administrative and legal factors influencing the formation of sustainable development of the region
The so-called intersection of subsets forms a new subset according to equality (1): R(Gi) = S(Gi)∩P(Gi). ( At the same time, the level of significance isestablished when the following equality ( 2) is achieved according to the calculation results: R(Gi) = P(Gi). ( The results of determining the importance of the influence of administrative and legal factors on the formation of sustainable development of the region are presented through an iterative table, presented in Table 2. Thus, the lowest level of impact is related to administrative and legal factors G5 and G8.They are removed, and the process continues until the last and only one remains.Skipping the intermediate calculations to keep the research material light, it is worth noting that the highest level of influence was given to factor G6 (Fig. 5).The article further defines how to use (respond properly to) the most significant factors of influence within the framework of administrative and legal support for the formation of sustainable development of Lviv region in a changing environment: G6.Under martial law or other emergency circumstances, the administrative and legal mechanism should be flexible and effective to ensure stability, security, and order in the region, as well as to minimize the negative impact of these circumstances on sustainable development.The primary task is to develop and implement comprehensive emergency response plans.These plans should provide for rapid and effective crisis response, evacuation, distribution, and delivery of humanitarian aid, and post-emergency recovery measures.

Attainability
G1.In the field of administrative justice, this may include the provision of environmental justice, for example, through the consideration of cases related to violations of environmental legislation, which helps to control illegal waste emissions by industrial enterprises.It can also include protecting citizensʼ rights in urban planning, especially in cases of illegal development of green areas, and resolving land use disputes, which ensures fair access to land resources.
G2.In the context of local self-government and decentralization, the role of local governments includes the development and implementation of local environmental programmes that contribute to the conservation of natural resources and improve environmental quality.This can also include initiatives to engage the public in local governance, including through public hearings, public discussions and referendums, which allow citizens to directly influence decisions affecting their lives and the environment.Such initiatives contribute not only to the environmental, but also to the social and economic development of the region, creating sustainable local governance that meets the needs and interests of residents.

Discussion
When discussing results, it is worth comparing them with similar studies in this area.For example, H.J.M. Shakhatreh et al. (2023) considered a methodological approach to the development of a legal framework for the protection of land relations in the context of national security.Their conclusions emphasize the importance of an integrated approach to legal regulation, which correlates with the model of sustainable development developed in this study, with an emphasis on administrative and legal principles.A. Giuliodori et al. (2022) studied the role of "smart governance" in achieving sustainable development goals in cities, which complements the concept of this work by identifying the importance of integrating innovative management practices in the context of sustainable development.P. Pylypenko et al. (2023) focused on the legal security of land relations in the system of sustainable development.Their conclusions point to the need to integrate legal aspects into the overall strategy of sustainable development, which is in line with the approach presented in this article to administrative and legal factors.
In addition to the results presented above, it is worth considering F.A.F.Alazzam et al. (2023), who developed an information model for e-commerce platforms, focusing on socio-economic systems in the context of global digitalization and legal compliance.This study reflects the importance of adapting to digital change, which is key to this studyʼs proposal for modelling in a changing environment.D. Bednarska-Olejniczak et al. (2019) investigated the development of smart and sustainable cities with public participation.Their findings support the model published in this paper, which recognizes the importance of public participation in shaping sustainable development.
The findings of M. Kryshtanovych et al. (2022), who analysed the determinants affecting the engineering sector and its legal regulation system, reflect the importance of an integrated approach to legal regulation in key sectors of the economy, which is consistent with the model developed in this study.I. Dragan et al. (2023) focused on improving the mechanism of administrative and legal support for the financial and economic security of the state.Their research confirms the importance of the proposed model in the context of ensuring sustainable development through administrative and legal mechanisms.
It should be noted that the authorsʼ focus on the integration of administrative and legal factors in the context of sustainable development of the region has its advantages.This approach stands out for its comprehensiveness and relevance, as it combines several key aspects: systematic analysis of administrative and legal factors, focus on sustainable development, and adaptation to changes in the external environment.Comparison with other studies, such as I. Yefimova et al. (2018) on economic and legal factors that affect social relations in the state, shows that the authorʼs study has a more specific focus on the regional aspect and sustainability of development.Compared to the study by M. Kovaliv et al. (2023), which focuses on the methodological foundations of information security research, the authorʼs study has a more practical application in the context of public administration and sustainable development.However, in contrast, the authors of the article here presented specific tools and techniques that can be used by public services to improve regional governance.Comparison with the study by W.M. Kowalska (2010), which addresses the issue of "regional identities" in the context of local, national and global levels, emphasizes that the authorsʼ research goes beyond theoretical analysis of identity and focuses on practical aspects of administrative and legal regulation.The advantages of the authorʼs research lie in its comprehensive approach to identifying and organizing administrative and legal factors, with a focus on sustainable development of the region.The work emphasizes the importance of adapting to changes in the external environment and proposes new methodological approaches for modelling these impacts.The study is also noted for its practical value for public services and the public administration system, which makes it an important tool for implementing sustainable development policies at the regional level.The results of the study have both similarities and differences in comparison with others.They are presented in Table 3.

No.
Similarities Differences  Thus, to summarize the discussion, it is worth noting that other studies emphasize the importance of integrating administrative, legal, economic and social factors in shaping the sustainable development of a region.The proposed model and methodological approach reflects this need and provides specific solutions for use in the work of public services and the public administration system.
The chosen topic of the article combines two critical aspects of regional development: administrative and legal structure, and sustainability of development in the context of a rapidly changing external environment.Administrative and legal factors include the legal framework, policies and regulatory mechanisms that form the basis for regional development.They determine how resources are allocated, how decisions are made, and how these decisions are monitored.In a changing external environment that includes climate change, globalization, economic fluctuations and social shifts, the ability of regions to adapt and be flexible is becoming crucial.Sustainable regional development requires effective administrative governance and a strong legal framework that ensures stability, predictability, and the ability to respond quickly to external challenges.

Conclusions
Shaping and ensuring sustainable development is an extremely complex process, especially in a changing external environment.Effective administrative and legal frameworks play a key role in this process, but one of the challenges is to determine which factors have the most significant impact and which do not.Administrative and legal frameworks set clear rules and standards for economic activity, which helps to create a stable investment climate and attract the capital needed for sustainable development.They also guarantee the observance of citizensʼ rights and freedoms, which is the basis for the development of civil society and active participation of citizens in local issues.In conclusion, it should be noted that the concept of sustainable development itself is closely linked to regional issues.In this context, administrative and legal structures play a key role.They provide the necessary framework for adopting policies, enforcing regulations and supporting initiatives that promote sustainable development.Understanding the impact of administrative

No.
Similarities Differences

3
The opinion about the importance of regional development is acceptable Based on the results of a critical analysis of the literature, the actual vision of the essence of the formation of the sustainable development of the region is proposed and legal factors is crucial, as they often determine the success or failure of sustainable development initiatives at the regional level.
As a result of the study, a modern model of formation of sustainable development of a region has been developed, which focuses on administrative and legal support.A modern methodological approach to identifying and streamlining administrative and legal factors influencing the formation of sustainable development of a region is proposed.For the most significant ones, specific actions for the public administration have been proposed.Such modelling results will allow satisfying all the information and methodological needs of the key actors in ensuring sustainable development of the region.However, like any other study, this one has its limitations.The study has a limitation in the form of considering the specifics of only one region, which was selected for analysis and modelling.Prospects for further research will be aimed at expanding the modelling and considering more regions and administrative and legal factors.Other scholars who want to continue researching the problems of administrative and legal support for the formation of sustainable regional development are recommended to pay further attention to the problems of administrative proceedings and the identification of key threats that significantly impede this process.It is important to recommend that researchers in this area use a more integrated approach to analysis and evaluation, in which legal norms and administrative procedures are presented through cooperation together to support sustainable development goals, including environmental balance, economic prosperity and social justice.This approach should include not only the development of effective laws and policies, but also ensuring their implementation, monitoring, and adaptation to respond to external changes.It also involves active public participation and the creation of partnerships between different sectors of society to achieve common sustainable development goals.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Stages of application of the proposed methods during the conducted research Source: generated by the authors

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Analysis of the dynamics of key indicators of sustainable development of the Lviv region for the last 2018-2022, unit Source: created by the authors based on data from the Official website of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine (1998-2023)

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Model of the formation of sustainable development of the region in the conditions of a changing external environment Source: generated by the authors

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Graph of connections between defined administrative and legal factors of influence Source: generated by the authors

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Scheme of hierarchical ordering of administrative and legal factors by the level of their influence on the formation of sustainable development of the region Source: generated by the authors

Table 1 ,
Continued Source: generated by the authors

Table 2 .
Iterative table of calculation results Source: generated by the authors

Table 3 .
The main differences and similarities of the obtained research results in comparison with others

Table 3 ,
Continued Source: generated by the authors